TEACHERS' TRAINING IN HEALTH AND SAFETY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SAFE AND HEALTHY SCHOOLS

As the WHO and UNESCO (2021) remind us, education and health are fundamental and essential human rights that, together with the need for security and protection, guarantee economic and social development. The foundation of safe and healthy educational institutions, as spaces where safe and health are promoted and protected, is an issue that no one disputes since schools play a fundamental role in developing life skills. Now more than ever, and as the situation generated by the COVID19 virus has shown, schools must contribute to well-being in a safe and healthy learning environment for all members of the educational community. Create and manage safe and healthy schools requires developing mechanisms and resources and involve management teams and teachers. Those are only possible if all the actors involved have the necessary training and tools to do so. This contribution analyses, in this context, the importance of train non-university teachers, mainly of childhood and primary education, to achieve their health and safety literacy, proposing a decalogue of competencies and indicators/standards of action for the management of safe and healthy schools.

[Prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic]

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic and the sanitary measures implemented had an impact on the mental health of the most vulnerable populations. AIMS: To know the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or vascular risk factors after the end of quarantine and compare it with the prevalence during quarantine and before the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An online questionnaire was sent 150 days after the quarantine ended. The Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD) scale was used and clinical and demographic data were recorded. The results were compared with samples obtained during quarantine and the EPICA study conducted in 2016 before the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: The samples included 1076, 3542 and 1035 patients respectively. The prevalence of anxiety fluctuated but did not change (20.8%, 13.5% and 21% respectively). Depression increased its prevalence (9.8%, 16.7% and 19.7% respectively). Depression was associated with coronary heart disease and risk behaviors (cigarette smoking and sedentary lifestyle). CONCLUSION: Depression doubled its prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or vascular risk factors. The effects of the pandemic appear to extend beyond the duration of the quarantine.